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By adopting augmented reality (AR) and integrating the functions of wireless communication of a personal digital assistant (PDA) and a head-mounted displays (HMD), we built a design evaluation environment that combines a full-scale car display and a visual evaluation system. The image of a car is transmitted via wireless communication onto the PDA, which provides functions for measuring distances...
Effects of character size under ambient illuminances and light sources on legibility of electronic paper displays (electrophoretic display and cholesteric liquid crystal display) were studied and compared with paper. Sixty subjects participated in a letter-search task in the experiment. The results showed that search speed depends on the illuminance but not light source. Search speed increased as...
The article presents the results of an experiment where a 7in. TFT LCD display was exposed to harmonic vibration with acceleration amplitudes up to 200m/s 2 and frequency sweep in the range between 40Hz and 1.5kHz. The display was mounted on a shaker in three different positions: landscape, portrait, and face-up. Colorimetric measurements were taken during and after the loading. Euclidian...
We investigate the optimal driving conditions of high power light emitting diodes (LED) in a four liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) micro display projection architecture, taking lifetime issues of the LEDs into account. This architecture is an extension of a two LCOS panel approach. The possible light output is compared with other LCOS architectures as a function of relevant LCOS specifications.
This study examined the effects of anti-glare surface treatment, ambient illumination and bending curvature on legibility and visual fatigue in reading electronic papers. Results showed that surface treatment significantly affected legibility and visual fatigue, and surface treatment can improve legibility and reduce visual fatigue under intense ambient illumination. However, there is no significant...
Eu 2+ , Dy 3+ and Gd 3+ co-doped strontium aluminate yellow-green phosphor was synthesized by combustion method using urea as reducer at 600°C. The crystallization, particles size and luminescence properties of the sample have been investigated. The results are as follows: Eu 2+ , Dy 3+ and Gd 3+ doped into the phosphor do not change the crystalline...
Immersion in a virtual environment is known to produce symptoms similar to those of motion sickness. With repeated immersions, these symptoms are generally reduced in prevalence and severity. We aimed to quantify this habituation by immersing 70 people on ten occasions each. Ten participants were exposed every day, ten every 2days, and so on up to every 7days. The participants played a PC racing game,...
Virtual reality (VR) systems are used in a variety of applications within industry, education, public and domestic settings. Research assessing reported symptoms and side effects of using VR systems indicates that these factors combine to influence user experiences of virtual reality induced symptoms and effects (VRISE). Three experiments were conducted to assess prevalence and severity of sickness...
This paper investigated some effects of viewing a laser scanned display (LSD) on visual perception. LSDs potentially provide a high-brightness, monochromatic, image which could have particular effects on the visual system. As a monochromatic image may reduce a potential cue for visual accommodation (chromatic aberration), participants’ accommodation was measured while they viewed an image on either...
In the early 1980s the U.S. Army fielded the first integrated helmet-mounted display (HMD) for use in the AH-64 Apache helicopter. To reduce head-supported weight and minimize center-of-mass offsets, a monocular optical design was selected. Although early design concerns of binocular rivalry and the Pulfrich phenomenon never materialized, user surveys have documented persistent reports of visual complaints...
The sensation of presence or the sensation of “being there” when viewing a video system increases as the viewing angle increases. This relationship has driven the development of wide-field imaging systems. However, visually-induced motion sickness has become an important factor when considering such wide-field video image viewing systems. In the present paper, we evaluate the effects of wide-field...
ClearType is an onscreen text rendering technology in which the red, green, and blue sub-pixels are separately addressed to increase text legibility. However, it results in colored borders on characters that can be bothersome. This paper describes five experiments measuring subject preference, text legibility, reading performance, and discomfort symptoms for five implementation levels of ClearType...
A field-sequential colour projection system can display colour images using a single panel. Such a system, however, produces characteristic trichromatic separation, or “colour breakup”. Colour breakup is the perceived splitting of the white portions of an image into its red, green, and blue components when the image is projected with the colour sequential method and the viewer’s eyes are moving rapidly...
A questionnaire was developed to subjectively assess visual fatigue caused by viewing various types of motion images. The questionnaire was evaluated using four types of moving images; playing a TV game using an HMD or a TV, viewing images with and without stabilization of camera shake, viewing a movie with and without colour break-up and viewing either a stereoscopic movie (anaglyph method) or a...
This paper deals with visual–vestibular interactions as these occur when viewing images, and may cause motion sickness. Some basic vestibular matters fundamental to motion sickness are highlighted, such as the observation that people without functioning inner ears do not get sick from motion, including visual motion. Furthermore, the subjective vertical mismatch theory is described, and its corollaries...
Virtual environment (VE) technology exposes users to a variety of intersensory and sensory-motor discordances to which they must adapt for optimal performance. Our research has distinguished two types of adaptation: Visual-motor skill acquisition and perceptual recalibration. The first involves learning a new way to coordinate hand and eye, while the second is an automatic, restricted process of perceptual...
The incident of visually induced motion sickness (VIMS) occurred with a 20-min video movie during class in a local junior high school in Japan in 2003. To investigate possibly contributing factors of VIMS, we collected the incident data in three ways: interviewing school officials, measuring the visual environment on site, and surveying by questionnaires to the students. Analyzing the collected data...
Recent advances in video and computer graphics technologies have been accelerating creation of novel visual images including complex and intensive motion of the visual point. However, there are concerns about adverse effects of these images on humans such as visually-induced motion sickness (VIMS). To evaluate the effects of VIMS, the present study has analyzed the linearity of the baroreflex system...
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